Birds of the World

    PASSERIFORMES: Turdidae (Thrushes)  
Genus: Turdus (87 species)

Genus Turdus, typical thrushes, includes medium to large species found worldwide including the American Robin and European (Common) Blackbird. Turdus thrushes have a consistent shape, and generally stay close to the ground looking for worms and other insects.


Abyssinian Thrush
Abyssinian Thrush (Turdus abyssinicus abyssinicus)
Range: AF: n Somalia to n Tanzania
Bale Mountains, Ethiopia  
 
Photograph by Nik Borrow     Copyright and usage info


White-necked Thrush
White-necked Thrush (Turdus albicollis spodiolaemus)
Range: SA: Colombia to e Brazil and n Argentina
Wildsumaco Lodge, Sumaco, Ecuador  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Heard more often than seen in mature tropical forests.

White-collared Blackbird
White-collared Blackbird (Turdus albocinctus)
Range: OR: Himalayas to sc China
Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Almora, Uttarakhand, India  
 
Photograph by Allan Hopkins     Copyright and usage info


Creamy-bellied Thrush
Creamy-bellied Thrush (Turdus amaurochalinus)
Range: SA: Bolivia and s Brazil to c Argentina
Ituzaingó, Argentina  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Note light yellow bill and same color head as wings compared to Pale-breasted Thrush.

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Campina Thrush (Turdus arthuri)
Range: SA: lowlands of se Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, e Colombia and wc Amazonian Brazil
   


Split from the Black-billed Thrush based on vocal and DNA differences. Note 'campina' or white-sand forest habitat. The species is also found locally in northwest Brazil away from varzea where the virtually identical Black-billed Thrush 'debilis' race is found.

White-throated Thrush
White-throated Thrush (Turdus assimilis cnephosus)
Range: MA: widespread
Fortuna Forest Reserve, Panama  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.


Black-throated Thrush
Black-throated Thrush (Turdus atrogularis) Male
Range: PAL: wc Russia to nc Siberia and nw Mongolia
Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, England  
 
Photograph by Nik Borrow     Copyright and usage info

Black-throated Thrush
Black-throated Thrush (Turdus atrogularis) Female
Range: PAL: wc Russia to nc Siberia and nw Mongolia
Taiwan  
 
Photograph by Bob Du   © All Rights Reserved.


White-chinned Thrush
White-chinned Thrush (Turdus aurantius)
Range: NA: Jamaica
Hardware Gap, Blue Mountains, Jamaica  
   
Photograph by Tropical Birding (Nick Athanas)   © All Rights Reserved.


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Comoro Thrush (Turdus bewsheri) Near Threatened
Range: AF: w, c Comoros
 



Grey-winged Blackbird
Grey-winged Blackbird (Turdus boulboul)
Range: OR: Himalayas to n Vietnam
Banluang, Fang, Chiangmai, Thailand  
 
Photograph by Somchai Kanchanasut   © All Rights Reserved.


Japanese Thrush
Japanese Thrush (Turdus cardis)
Range: PAL: c China and Hokkaido to Kyushu (n to s Japan)
 
 
Photograph by Hiyashi Haka (Kevin Lin)     Copyright and usage info


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Izu Thrush (Turdus celaenops) Vulnerable
Range: PAL: Izu Is. (e of Honshu, c Japan) and Tokara Is. (n Ryukyu Is., s Japan)
 



Chiguanco Thrush
Chiguanco Thrush (Turdus chiguanco)
Range: SA: s Ecuador to w Argentina
Arequipa, Peru  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Similar to some races of the Great Thrush, but smaller.

Brown-headed Thrush
Brown-headed Thrush (Turdus chrysolaus)
Range: PAL: Sakhalin I. (Russia), Kuril Is. and Japan
 
 
Photograph by Bob Du   © All Rights Reserved.


Dagua Thrush
Dagua Thrush (Turdus daguae)
Range: MA, SA: Panama to nw Ecuador
Río Canandé reserve, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador.  
   
Photograph by Tropical Birding (Nick Athanas)   © All Rights Reserved.

Split from the White-throated Thrush, and is browner with a short black bill (Athanas).

Black-breasted Thrush
Black-breasted Thrush (Turdus dissimilis) Male
Range: OR: ne India to n Vietnam
Ang Khang, Mon Pin, Chiang Mai, Thailand  
 
Photograph by JJ Harrison     Copyright and usage info

Black-breasted Thrush
Black-breasted Thrush (Turdus dissimilis) Female
Range: OR: ne India to n Vietnam
Mon Pin, Ang Khang, Chiang Mai, Thailand  
 
Photograph by JJ Harrison     Copyright and usage info


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Tristan Thrush (Turdus eremita) Near Threatened
Range: AO: Tristan da Cunha group
 



Dusky Thrush
Dusky Thrush (Turdus eunomus)
Range: PAL: nc to ne Russia
Sakai, Osaka, Japan  
 
Photograph by Laitche (Yoshikazu Hara)     Copyright and usage info


Austral Thrush
Austral Thrush (Turdus falcklandii magellanicus)
Range: SA: Southern Cone
Chile  
   
Photograph by Stephen G. Davis   © All Rights Reserved.


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Grey-sided Thrush (Turdus feae) Vulnerable
Range: PAL: ne China
 



Yellow-legged Thrush
Yellow-legged Thrush (Turdus flavipes venezuelensis)
Range: SA: n, se
ProAves El Dorado Reserve, Santa Marta Sierra Nevada, Magdalena, Colombia  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Note darker head and neck than body on male. Female is brown, darker on back. Compare to Black-hooded Thrush. Found in montane forests.

Chestnut-bellied Thrush
Chestnut-bellied Thrush (Turdus fulviventris)
Range: SA: nw Venezuela to Peru
Huila, Colombia  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.


Cocoa Thrush
Cocoa Thrush (Turdus fumigatus aquilonalis)
Range: SA: s Lesser Antilles and n Amazonia
Trinidad  
   
Photograph by Feroze Omardeen     Copyright and usage info


Great Thrush
Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater quindio) Male
Range: SA: w Venezuela to w Bolivia
San Sebastian Reserve, Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia
  The male has an orange eye-ring.
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Great Thrush
Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater ockendeni) Male
Range: SA: w Venezuela to w Bolivia
Manu National Park, Peru
  The darkest race of the Great Thrush is found only in southeast Peru around Cuzco.
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Great Thrush
Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater clarus) Female
Range: SA: w Venezuela to w Bolivia
Perijá Mountains, Cesar, Colombia
  A light colored race from north Colombia and Venezeula.
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

A large pigeon-sized Thrush that is often very common. Colors range from creamy brown to dark grey-black across its large range.

Clay-colored Thrush
Clay-colored Thrush (Turdus grayi)
Range: MA, SA: Mexico to Colombia
Arenal, Costa Rica  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Clay-colored Thrush
Clay-colored Thrush (Turdus grayi)
Range: MA, SA: Mexico to Colombia
San Jerónimo, Antioquia, Colombia
  Clay-colored Thrushes in Colombia are often greyer.
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

National bird of Costa Rica. Note red eye, pale-colored bill, and uniform brown color.
A small percentage of this species are more grey and less brown, and with more contract between front and back.

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Unicolored Thrush (Turdus haplochrous) Near Threatened
Range: SA: n Bolivia
   



Hauxwell's Thrush
Hauxwell's Thrush (Turdus hauxwelli)
Range: SA: w Amazonia
Puerto Nariño, Amazonas, Colombia  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Found in 'terra firme' and varzea forests. Determined to be genetically very different from Varzea Thrush. Note dark olive-brown bill and song.

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Taita Thrush (Turdus helleri) Endangered
Range: AF: se Kenya
 



Grey-backed Thrush
Grey-backed Thrush (Turdus hortulorum)
Range: PAL: se Russia and ne China
Yehliu, Taiwan  
 
Photograph by Bob Du   © All Rights Reserved.


Black-billed Thrush
Black-billed Thrush (Turdus ignobilis goodfellowi)
Range: SA: n, w Amazonia
Tatama National Park, Pueblo Rico, Risaralda, Colombia
  Andean goodfellowi/ignobilis race. Note lack of white throat seen in lowland races.
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Black-billed Thrush
Black-billed Thrush (Turdus ignobilis debilis)
Range: SA: n, w Amazonia
Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
  'Debilis' Amazon lowland race. Note white throat, vent and streaks on chest.
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

A large thrush that is found in lowlands, except for two races in the Colombian/Venezuelan Andes. In Colombia, the Andean race is common inside cities. The lowland race 'debilis' is a different species and called the Floodplain Thrush by HBW.
Black-billed Thrushes use a lot of mud in their nests.

Redwing
Redwing (Turdus iliacus) Near Threatened
Range: PAL: c, w
Wales  
 
Photograph by Allan Hopkins     Copyright and usage info


Black Thrush
Black Thrush (Turdus infuscatus)
Range: MA: Mexico to Honduras
El Triunfo, Chiapas, Mexico  
   
Photograph by Amy McAndrews     Copyright and usage info


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White-eyed Thrush (Turdus jamaicensis)
Range: NA: Jamaica
   



White-backed Thrush
White-backed Thrush (Turdus kessleri)
Range: OR: w China to se Tibet
Baxi Forest, Sichuan, China  
 
Photograph by Dave Curtis     Copyright and usage info


Lawrence's Thrush
Lawrence's Thrush (Turdus lawrencii)
Range: SA: w Amazonia
Sani Lodge, Ecuador  
   
Photograph by Tropical Birding (Nick Athanas)   © All Rights Reserved.

Known to mimic other birds and animals (Athanas).

Pale-breasted Thrush
Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas albiventer)
Range: SA: n, sc
Rio Claro Canyon Reserve, Antioquia, Colombia  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Widespread. A generic thrush with an unusual jay-like call for a thrush.

Pale-eyed Thrush
Pale-eyed Thrush (Turdus leucops) Male
Range: SA: Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia
Pantiacolla Ridge, Madre de Dios, Peru  
   
Photograph by Graham Montgomery   © All Rights Reserved.

Pale-eyed Thrush
Pale-eyed Thrush (Turdus leucops) Female
Range: SA: Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia
ProAves Chestnut-capped Piha Reserve, Anorí, Antioquia, Colombia  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

A very shy thrush found at over 1200m inside the forest. Flies to canopy with any sign of danger.

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Forest Thrush (Turdus lherminieri) Near Threatened
Range: NA: Lesser Antilles
   



Kurrichane Thrush
Kurrichane Thrush (Turdus libonyana)
Range: AF: c, s
Johannesburg, South Africa  
 
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Kurrichane Thrush
Kurrichane Thrush (Turdus libonyana) Immature
Range: AF: c, s
Sakania, Democratic Republic of Congo  
 
Photograph by Nigel Voaden   © All Rights Reserved.


Groundscraper Thrush
Groundscraper Thrush (Turdus litsitsirupa)
Range: AF: e, s
Kruger National Park, South Africa  
 
Photograph by Graham Searll   © All Rights Reserved.


Somali Thrush
Somali Thrush (Turdus ludoviciae)
Range: AF: montane n Somalia
Daallo Forest, Somaliland  
 
Photograph by Nik Borrow     Copyright and usage info


Ecuadorian Thrush
Ecuadorian Thrush (Turdus maculirostris)
Range: SA: w Ecuador and nw Peru
Milpe Bird Sanctuary, Los Bancos, Ecuador  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.


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Chinese Blackbird (Turdus mandarinus)
Range: OR: e, c China
 



Maranon Thrush
Maranon Thrush (Turdus maranonicus)
Range: SA: n Peru
Marañon Valley, Peru  
   
Photograph by Bradley Hacker   © All Rights Reserved.


Tibetan Blackbird
Tibetan Blackbird (Turdus maximus)
Range: OR: Himalayas from n Pakistan to se Tibet
Pakistan  
 
Photograph by Imran Shah     Copyright and usage info

Note lack of eye-ring compared to otherwise similar Common Blackbird.

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Yemen Thrush (Turdus menachensis) Near Threatened
Range: PAL: montane sw Saudi Arabia and sw Yemen (sw Arabian Pen.)
 



Common Blackbird
Common Blackbird (Turdus merula merula) Male
Range: PAL, OR: widespread
La Seu d'Urgell, Spain  
 
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Common Blackbird
Common Blackbird (Turdus merula) Female
Range: PAL, OR: widespread
Austin's Ferry, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia  
 
Photograph by JJ Harrison     Copyright and usage info


American Robin
American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
Range: NA, MA: Alaska and Canada to Guatemala
Humber Bay Park (East), Toronto, Canada  
   
Photograph by Mdf (Wikipedia)     Copyright and usage info

A North American icon, seen in gardens looking for earthworms.

Chinese Thrush
Chinese Thrush (Turdus mupinensis)
Range: PAL: c China
Yehliu, Taiwan  
 
Photograph by Bob Du   © All Rights Reserved.


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Pantepui Thrush (Turdus murinus)
Range: SA: Foothills of s Venezuela and Guyana
   


Split from the Black-billed Thrush and found only in the tepuis of Guyana and Venezuela.

Naumann's Thrush
Naumann's Thrush (Turdus naumanni)
Range: PAL: sc Russia
Ulaan Bataar, Mongolia  
 
Photograph by Bradley Hacker   © All Rights Reserved.


Sooty Thrush
Sooty Thrush (Turdus nigrescens)
Range: MA: Costa Rica and Panama
San Gerardo de Dota, Costa Rica  
   
Photograph by Jorge Obando Gutierrez   © Copyrighted, All Rights Reserved.


Andean Slaty Thrush
Andean Slaty Thrush (Turdus nigriceps)
Range: SA: s Ecuador to n Argentina
Lagunas de Yala, Yala, Argentina  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Found in the Andes at mid altitude levels, often in the canopy. Female is plain and brown.

Taiwan Thrush
Taiwan Thrush (Turdus niveiceps) Male
Range: OR: Taiwan
Taiwan  
 
Photograph by Hiyashi Haka (Kevin Lin)     Copyright and usage info

Recently split from the Island Thrush because of sexual dimorphism among other reasons.

Spectacled Thrush
Spectacled Thrush (Turdus nudigenis nudigenis)
Range: NA, SA: Lesser Antilles and n Amazonia
Guayabetal, Colombia  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.


Eyebrowed Thrush
Eyebrowed Thrush (Turdus obscurus)
Range: PAL: c to se Russia
Singapore  
   
Photograph by Daniel Koh (Singapore)   © All Rights Reserved.


Pale-vented Thrush
Pale-vented Thrush (Turdus obsoletus parambanus)
Range: MA, SA: Costa Rica to Ecuador
Buenaventura, El Oro province, Ecuador
  A very plain-looking thrush.
   
Photograph by Tropical Birding (Nick Athanas)   © All Rights Reserved.


Sao Tome Thrush
Sao Tome Thrush (Turdus olivaceofuscus)
Range: AF: São Tomé (sc Gulf of Guinea Is.)
São Tomé  
 
Photograph by Nik Borrow     Copyright and usage info

Sao Tome Thrush
Sao Tome Thrush (Turdus olivaceofuscus)
Range: AF: São Tomé (sc Gulf of Guinea Is.)
Ribeira Peixe, São Tomé  
 
Photograph by Nik Borrow     Copyright and usage info


Olive Thrush
Olive Thrush (Turdus olivaceus)
Range: AF: se
Giants Castle, South Africa  
 
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.


Black-hooded Thrush
Black-hooded Thrush (Turdus olivater)
Range: SA: Colombia to s Guyana
Colombia  
   
Photograph by Terry S. Baltimore   © All Rights Reserved.

Male is browner than the otherwise similar Yellow-legged Thrush. Females similarly uniform brown. Found in montane forests.

Pale Thrush
Pale Thrush (Turdus pallidus)
Range: PAL: se Russia, ne China and the Korea Pen.
Wulai, Taiwan  
 
Photograph by Bob Du   © All Rights Reserved.


African Thrush
African Thrush (Turdus pelios)
Range: AF: w, c
Abuko, The Gambia  
 
Photograph by Rainbirder (Steve Garvie)     Copyright and usage info

African Thrush
African Thrush (Turdus pelios stormsi)
Range: AF: w, c
Mutanda, Zambia
  The 'stormsi' subspecies of the African Thrush is very orange.
 
Photograph by Nik Borrow     Copyright and usage info


Song Thrush
Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos)
Range: PAL: c, w
England  
 
Photograph by Andy Morffew     Copyright and usage info


Fieldfare
Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris)
Range: PAL: w Europe through e Russia
Ireland  
 
Photograph by Crotach on Flickr   © All Rights Reserved.


Mountain Thrush
Mountain Thrush (Turdus plebejus)
Range: MA: se Mexico to Panama
Monserrat, Coronado, Costa Rica  
   
Photograph by Jorge Obando Gutierrez   © Copyrighted, All Rights Reserved.


Red-legged Thrush
Red-legged Thrush (Turdus plumbeus plumbeus)
Range: NA: West Indies
Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.


Island Thrush
Island Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus)
Range: OR, AU, PO: Sumatra and Philippines (except Palawan group, East Visayas and Sulu Arch.) to Fiji (sw Polynesia) and Samoa (sc Polynesia)
Papua New Guinea  
 
Photograph by Stephen G. Davis   © All Rights Reserved.

Island Thrush
Island Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus)
Range: OR, AU, PO: Sumatra and Philippines (except Palawan group, East Visayas and Sulu Arch.) to Fiji (sw Polynesia) and Samoa (sc Polynesia)
Fiji  
 
Photograph by JJ Harrison     Copyright and usage info

The Island Thrush has many many subspecies, one per island, and some of them look very different.

Plumbeous-backed Thrush
Plumbeous-backed Thrush (Turdus reevei)
Range: SA: w Ecuador and nw Peru
Jorupe Reserve, Loja, Ecuador  
   
Photograph by Tropical Birding (Nick Athanas)   © All Rights Reserved.

A Tumbes endemic.

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Usambara Thrush (Turdus roehli) Near Threatened
Range: AF: Pare and Usambara Mts. of nc Tanzania
 



Chestnut Thrush
Chestnut Thrush (Turdus rubrocanus)
Range: OR: e Afghanistan to Myanmar
Doi Lang, Chiangmai, Thailand  
 
Photograph by Somchai Kanchanasut   © All Rights Reserved.


Red-throated Thrush
Red-throated Thrush (Turdus ruficollis) Male
Range: PAL: sc Russia, n Mongolia and nw China
Arhangay, Mongolia  
 
Photograph by Bradley Hacker   © All Rights Reserved.

Red-throated Thrush
Red-throated Thrush (Turdus ruficollis) Female
Range: PAL: sc Russia, n Mongolia and nw China
Arhangay, Mongolia  
 
Photograph by Bradley Hacker   © All Rights Reserved.


Rufous-collared Thrush
Rufous-collared Thrush (Turdus rufitorques)
Range: MA: s Mexico to Honduras
Moxviquil, Chiapas, Mexico  
   
Photograph by Nigel Voaden   © All Rights Reserved.


Rufous-bellied Thrush
Rufous-bellied Thrush (Turdus rufiventris)
Range: SA: e, sc
Cuiaba, Brazil  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.


Rufous-backed Thrush
Rufous-backed Thrush (Turdus rufopalliatus)
Range: MA: Mexico
Barstow Community College, California, United States  
   
Photograph by Matt Grube   © All Rights Reserved.


Varzea Thrush
Varzea Thrush (Turdus sanchezorum)
Range: SA: w Amazonia
Puerto Nariño, Amazonas, Colombia  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Split from Hauxwell's Thrush. Found in varzea forest.
Nest with three eggs.

Glossy-black Thrush
Glossy-black Thrush (Turdus serranus fuscobrunneus)
Range: SA: Venezuela to nw Argentina
Cali, Colombia  
   
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

May appear very similar to Great Thrush, but is smaller. Look also for the back and belly being exactly the same shade of dark glossy black.

Ethiopian Thrush
Ethiopian Thrush (Turdus simensis)
Range: AF: Eritrea and Ethiopia
Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
  The disjunct Ethiopian population is sometimes called the Ethiopian Thrush.
 
Photograph by Nik Borrow     Copyright and usage info


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Indian Blackbird (Turdus simillimus)
Range: OR: India and Sri Lanka
 



Karoo Thrush
Karoo Thrush (Turdus smithi)
Range: AF: s Namibia, se Botswana and n South Africa
Johannesburg, South Africa  
 
Photograph by Tom Friedel   © All Rights Reserved.

Uniformly grey, but some have a bit of rufous on the belly, perhaps from hybridization with similar species such as the Olive Thrush.

Blacksmith Thrush
Blacksmith Thrush (Turdus subalaris) Male
Range: SA: e Paraguay, ne Argentina and se Brazil
Trilha dos Tucanos, SP, Brazil  
   
Photograph by João Sérgio Barros F. de Souza   © All Rights Reserved.

Blacksmith Thrush
Blacksmith Thrush (Turdus subalaris) Female
Range: SA: e Paraguay, ne Argentina and se Brazil
Brazil  
   
Photograph by João Sérgio Barros F. de Souza   © All Rights Reserved.


La Selle Thrush
La Selle Thrush (Turdus swalesi) Vulnerable
Range: NA: Hispaniola
Dominican Republic  
   
Photograph by Graham Ekins   © All Rights Reserved.


Bare-eyed Thrush
Bare-eyed Thrush (Turdus tephronotus)
Range: AF: Ethiopia and c Somalia through Kenya to c Tanzania
Kenya  
 
Photograph by Steve Riall   © All Rights Reserved.


Ring Ouzel
Ring Ouzel (Turdus torquatus torquatus) Female
Range: PAL: w, sw
Hampshire, England  
 
Photograph by Stephen G. Davis   © All Rights Reserved.


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Sulawesi Thrush (Turdus turdoides)
Range: AU: montane Sulawesi
 



Tickell's Thrush
Tickell's Thrush (Turdus unicolor) Male
Range: OR: w, c Himalayas
Sherqilla, Ghizer, Gilgit, Baltistan  
 
Photograph by Imran Shah     Copyright and usage info

Tickell's Thrush
Tickell's Thrush (Turdus unicolor) Female
Range: OR: w, c Himalayas
Pakistan  
 
Photograph by Imran Shah     Copyright and usage info


Mistle Thrush
Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus bonapartei)
Range: PAL: c, w, also n Africa
India  
 
Photograph by Raymond J. Barlow   © All Rights Reserved.


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Principe Thrush (Turdus xanthorhynchus) Critically Endangered
Range: AF: Príncipe (c Gulf of Guinea Is.)
 




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