Uee-pee call common in open grasslands and wetlands, at lower altitudes than similar Azara's Spinetail. | ||||||
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Common and vocal at 2000-3000m in Andean cloud forests (a bit lower in Peru). Alt. photo Additional photo. | ||||||
A recently discovered river island specialist. | ||||||
Vocal, but secretive. | ||||||||||||
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Note desert scrub habitat. Despite its small range, this species has three visually distinctive subspecies. Birds closer to Venezuela have a white throat and black cheek, reversed from nominate (candei). And birds in Magdalena may have an all black face. | ||||||
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Described by ProAves as enigmatic. | ||||||
Split from the Necklaced Spinetail in 2020, and only found in the Maranon Valley. | ||||
Endemic to the highlands of 'mata Atlantica', the Atlantic Rain Forest Athanas. | ||||||
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Sounds a bit like Azara's Spinetail, but is found at lower altitudes. Uniformly brown with white and black throat. | ||||||
Closest to Azara's Spinetail and vocally similar. | ||||||
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Species is browner from east Colombia through Guyanas and east Brazil, and greyer further west. | ||||||
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Note grey head and body. | ||||||
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Moves in small sometimes noisy groups in dense foliage close to the rainforest floor. | ||||||
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Described in 2023 and found along the Araguaia River. | ||||
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Reference photo of not-too-different Perija race. Immature with some patchy coloration. | ||||||
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